Non-ionic polyacrylamide, commonly known as NPAM , is an organic polymer widely used in various industries. Due to its special molecular structure, this material has unique properties such as water absorption, adhesion and gelling ability. In this article, we will look at the chemistry, production methods, applications, and benefits of NPAM .
1. Introduction to Non-Ionic Polyacrylamide (NIPA)
Non-ionic polyacrylamide is a water-soluble polymer formed by the polymerization of acrylamide . Unlike ionic species (cations and anions), this polymer does not have charged groups and therefore exhibits a different chemical behavior.
Chemical structure of NPAM
The molecular formula of NPAM is as follows:
-[CH2-CH(CO-NH2)]n-
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The absence of ionic groups makes the polymer stable even in environments with high salt concentrations.
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Its high molecular weight (typically 1 to 20 million daltons) makes it sticky and viscous.
2. Process for the production of non-ionic polyacrylamide
NPAM is typically produced by radical polymerization of acrylamide . The most important production steps:
2.1. Polymerization in aqueous solution
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Raw materials: pure acrylamide + radical scavengers (e.g. ammonium persulfate).
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Reaction conditions: 50–70 °C in an oxygen-free environment.
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The final product is a viscous polyacrylamide solution that dries to a white powder.
2.2. Emulsion polymerisation
In this process, an emulsion is formed with the help of a surfactant , from which small polymer particles are formed.
23. Gel polymerization method
In this case, the reaction is carried out in a concentrated medium and the product is obtained in the form of a gel, which is then dried and ground into powder.
3. Application of NPAM in various industries
NPAM is used in many industries due to its unique characteristics:
3.1. Water and wastewater treatment
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Particle agglomeration and sedimentation: NPAM is used as a flocculant in industrial and municipal wastewater treatment.
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Reduces water turbidity: by forming a polymer network that binds suspended fine particles.
3.2. Oil and gas industry
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Improved Oil Recovery (EOR): During polymer flooding, EPROM increases the viscosity of the injected water, thereby recovering more oil.
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Oil drilling: Used as a means of controlling the rheological properties of drilling fluids .
3.3. Paper production
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Paper reinforcement: NPAM serves as reinforcement for the fiber network .
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Prevents particle dispersion: Used in the pulp production process.
Agriculture
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Improves water retention in the soil: NPAM acts as a superabsorbent that stores water in the soil.
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Reduces soil erosion: Prevents soil erosion by forming a protective layer.
3.5. Mining
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Mineral separation: Used as a coagulant in flotation processes .
4. Advantages of Non-Ionic Polyacrylamide
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High chemical stability in saline and acidic environments.
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Less toxic than cationic polymers.
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Dissolves quickly in water.
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It does not generate charge, making it ideal for ion-sensitive systems.
5. Comparison of NPAM and anionic polyacrylamide
| Feature | Non-propyl methacrylate | cationic polyacrylamide | Anionic Polyacrylamide |
|---|---|---|---|
| He wears | neutral | positive | Negative |
| Salt sensitivity | A little | many | Half |
| Main areas of application | Oil industry and agriculture | Wastewater treatment | Mining and paper production |
6. Security Tips for Using NPAM
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Avoid direct contact with skin and eyes.
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Store in a cool, dry place.
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A mask must be used when inhaling dust.
7. Conclusion
Non-ionic polyacrylamide (NPAM) is a widely used polymer with unique properties for use in water treatment, petroleum industry, agriculture and mining . Due to its high chemical stability and low toxicity , it is a suitable alternative to many harmful chemicals. The use of NPAM is expected to become more widespread in the future as polymer technologies evolve.
Frequently Asked Questions: Is NPAM environmentally friendly? Yes, this polymer is biodegradable and does not pose a hazard in normal concentrations .
What is the difference between NPAM and cationic polyacrylamide?
NPAMs have no charge, while cationic species have a positive charge and are used to neutralize negative particles.
Can NPAM be used in drinking water?
Yes, but it must have a high level of cleanliness and meet hygiene standards.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of non-ionic polyacrylamide . If you need more information, please consult a polymer chemist.
Non-ionic polyacrylamide is a kind of water-soluble polymer composed of acrylamide monomers . Unlike other types of polyacrylamide, nonionic polyacrylamide is uncharged, meaning it has no anionic or cationic charge.
Properties of non-ionic polyacrylamide
| Chemical Name | non-ionic polyacrylamide |
| Appearance | white granules |
| Solids content (particles)/% | ≥88 |
| Acrylamide monomer content (dry matter basis)/% | ≤0,05 |
| Melting time/min | ≤120 |
| Screen residue (screen mesh size 1.00 mm)/% | ≤2 |
| Water insoluble substances / % | ≤1,0 |
| Chloride content/% | ≤0,5 |
| Sulphate content/% | ≤1,0 |
Filling and filling with non-ionic polyacrylamide
| Net weight 25 kg/paper bag, with polyethylene inner sleeve. |
Application of Non-Ionic Polyacrylamide
Non-ionic polyacrylamide is widely used in various industries due to its water solubility and non-ionic properties. Here are some specific applications of non-ionic polyacrylamide:
Water treatment:
Non-ionic polyacrylamide is widely used in water treatment processes to improve the sedimentation and agglomeration of suspended particles . It helps to remove impurities, suspended particles and other pollutants from the water, thus helping to purify drinking or industrial water. If the wastewater contains acidic suspended solids , use of NPAM as a coagulant is recommended. Works best when used with mineral coagulants.
Improved Oil Recovery (EOR):
In the oil and gas industry, NPAM is used to improve oil recovery . By reducing the viscosity of the water, the mobility of the oil is improved, increasing the amount of oil that can be extracted from the reservoir.
Papermaking:
Non-ionic polyacrylamide is used in the paper industry as a retention and dewatering agent. Increases the retention of fines and fillers in the pulp, thereby improving paper quality and production efficiency.
Textile industry:
In the textile industry, non-ionic polyacrylamide is used as a filler and finishing agent. This will achieve a better fiber size and improve the overall quality of the fabric. In addition, it can be used as a coagulant in the treatment of textile industry wastewater.
Soil aeration in agriculture:
Non-ionic polyacrylamide is used in agriculture to improve soil conditions. It can improve soil structure, save water, and reduce soil erosion. Increasing the soil’s water-holding capacity promotes better plant growth and higher crop yields.
Mining:
Non-ionic polyacrylamide is used in the mining industry as a coagulant in the processing of minerals. This material helps to separate solid particles from liquid solutions and also contributes to the clarification and drying of mineral slurries.
Construction industry:
Non-ionic polyacrylamide can be used in construction to improve the rheological properties of cement and concrete. This reduces the moisture content without compromising the material properties.
Food industry:
In some food processing applications, non-ionic polyacrylamide can be used in clarification or separation processes.
These applications highlight the versatility of non-ionic polyacrylamide in addressing a wide range of challenges in water treatment, resource recovery, and industrial process optimization.